Slovenian Veterinary Research

SURGICAL TREATMENT AND ANALYSIS OF CANINE PENETRATING CORNEAL TRAUMA DUE TO PLANT-DERIVED FOREIGN BODIES: A CASE REPORT

2024-08-28T19:44:46+02:00

The objective of this study is to present a case of canine penetrating corneal trauma caused by plant-derived foreign bodies, successfully treated with keratotomy. A 2-yearold female Border Collie presented with two corneal foreign bodies, conjunctival congestion, blepharospasm, and a small amount of serous discharge in the left eye. Keratotomy was performed to remove the foreign bodies from the cornea. During the procedure, one foreign body was observed to have penetrated the anterior chamber. Following removal, the anterior chamber was irrigated, and the cornea was sutured. Postoperative treatment included both topical and systemic medications. Examination confirmed that the foreign bodies were plant-derived. Postoperative assessments at 2 and 4 weeks showed a reduction in corneal edema, formation of limbal neovascularization, decreased conjunctival congestion, resolution of blepharospasm, and absence of ocular discharge. The 5-month postoperative follow-up demonstrated normal corneal clarity and physiological function, a clear anterior chamber, and normal vision. Keratotomy has been demonstrated to be an effective intervention for corneal foreign bodies, allowing thorough removal of fragile and deeply embedded materials. Postoperative medications effectively prevented infections and promoted corneal healing. This case report provides valuable insights into the diagnosis and management of canine penetrating corneal trauma caused by plant-derived foreign bodies.

Kirurško zdravljenje in analiza penetrirajoče poškodbe roženice pri psih zaradi tujkov rastlinskega izvora: poročilo o primeru

Izvleček: Namen te študije je bil predstaviti primer penetrirajoče poškodbe roženice pri psu, ki so jo povzročili tujki rastlinskega izvora in je bila uspešno zdravljena s keratotomijo. Dveletna psička pasme border collie je imela v roženici dva tujka, kongestijo veznice, blefarospazem in majhno količino seroznega izcedka v levem očesu. Opravljena je bila keratotomija za odstranitev tujkov iz roženice. Med postopkom je bilo ugotovljeno, da je en tujek prodrl v prednjo komoro. Po odstranitvi je bila prednja očesna komora sprana, roženica pa zašita. Pooperativno zdravljenje je vključevalo lokalna in sistemska zdravila. Pregled je potrdil, da so bili vzrok tujki rastlinskega izvora. Pooperativne ocene po 2 in 4 tednih so pokazale zmanjšanje edema roženice, nastanek limbalnih neovaskularizacij, zmanjšanje kongestije veznic, odpravo blefarospazma in odsotnost očesnega izcedka. Petmesečno pooperativno spremljanje je pokazalo normalno prosojnost roženice in fiziološko delovanje, čisto prednjo komoro in normalen vid. Keratotomija se je izkazala za učinkovit poseg pri zdravljenju roženičnih tujkov, saj omogoča temeljito odstranitev krhkih in globoko zagozdenih tujkov. Pooperativna zdravila so učinkovito preprečevala okužbe in spodbujala celjenje roženice. To poročilo o primeru zagotavlja dragocen vpogled v diagnostiko in zdravljenje penetrirajoče poškodbe roženice pri psih, ki jo povzročijo tujki rastlinskega izvora.

Ključne besede: psi; tujek rastlinskega izvora; penetrirajoča poškodba roženice; keratotomija; odstranitev tujka; sanacija roženice

ANIMAL WELFARE AND THE HUMAN-ANIMAL BOND IN STUDENT EDUCATION – HOW CAN WE UNDERSTAND ANIMAL FEELINGS? HOW DO WE ASK FOR CONSENT FROM A HORSE?

2025-03-28T00:12:00+01:00

Students in veterinary education want positive interactions with their clients, but learn that a stressed animal can become unpredictable. If students can learn how to measure or evaluate the animal’s affective state before the physical exam, they can begin to prepare for the animal’s reactions. For example, assessing a cat’s facial expression in routine communication (Erjavec and Kovacic, 2023). To do this, it includes understanding the veterinary role in the human-animal bond.

Dobrobit živali in povezanost s človekom v izobraževalnem procesu – kako razumeti živalske občutke? Kako pri konjih vzbujati voljo za sodelovanje?

Študenti veterine si želijo pozitivnih odnosov z živalmi, vendar se naučijo, da je žival v stresu lahko nepredvidljiva. Če se študenti poučijo o tem, kako izmeriti ali oceniti počutje živali pred pregledom, se lahko pripravijo na njihove odzive. Takšen primer je ocenjevanje obrazne mimike mačke pri rutinski obravnavi (Erjavec in Kovačič, 2023). Da bi to lahko storili, je potrebno razumeti vlogo veterinarja v vezi med človekom in živaljo.

Ključne besede: dobrobit živali; konji; študij veterine; vez med človekom in živaljo

POTENTIAL BACTERIAL ENTEROPATHY COMPLEX IN RABBITS

2023-10-16T03:43:04+02:00

A great interest toward rabbit’s industry has been developed around the world. This international industry plays an important role in solving the worldwide problem of meat shortage. Serious problems can adversely affect and that threat rabbits farming enterprises. One of these important problems is enteropathy complex which induces severe economic losses. The major bacterial diseases causing enteropathy complex are Clostridium spp. infection, colibacillosis, salmonellosis, and others. These diseases induce high mortalities and severe production losses of rabbitries especially during the pre-waning and just after weaning period of life. Thus, this article was designed to review and highlight the most important and potential bacterial diseases causing enteropathy complex in rabbits with a special emphasis on the Egyptian situation.

Potencialni kompleks bakterijske enteropatije pri kuncih

Izvleček: Po vsem svetu se je razvilo veliko zanimanje za vzrejo kuncev. Ta mednarodna panoga ima pomembno vlogo pri reševanju svetovnega problema pomanjkanja mesa. Resne težave lahko negativno vplivajo na podjetja za rejo kuncev in jih ogrožajo. Ena od teh pomembnih težav je kompleks enteropatije, ki povzroča velike gospodarske izgube. Glavne bakterijske bolezni, povzročiteljice kompleksa enteropatije, so okužbe s Clostridium spp., kolibaciloza, salmoneloza in druge. Te bolezni so vzrok za veliko smrtnost in hude proizvodne izgube kunčjega mesa, zlasti v obdobju pred odstavitvijo in tik po njej, zato je bil namen tega članka pregledati in poudariti najpomembnejše in potencialne bakterijske bolezni, ki povzročajo kompleks enteropatije pri kuncih, s posebnim poudarkom na razmerah v Egiptu.

Ključne besede: Clostridium; enteritis; Escherichia coli; kunci; salmonela

DENTAL PLAQUE PREVENTION AND CONTROL IN DOGS AND CATS: CURRENT AND EMERGING CONCEPTS

2025-01-08T09:24:18+01:00

Periodontal disease is very common disease of dogs and cats where interplay between dysbiotic microbial communities organized in dental plaque and aberrant immune responses play the most important roles. To prevent periodontal disease development and/or progression, dental plaque must be disrupted as often as possible. This is primarily achieved by mechanical (active) means, combining professional oral care and daily tooth brushing at home. If an adequate technique and timing of tooth brushing is difficult to achieve, other active and passive oral homecare measures are available or being explored.

Preprečevanje in nadzorovanje zobnih oblog pri psih in mačkah: trenutni in novi koncepti

Izvleček: Parodontalna bolezen je ena izmed najpogostejših bolezni psov in mačk. Pri nastanku bolezni pomembno vlogo igrata predvsem mikrobiota ustne votline, organizirana v zobni plak, in imunski odgovor gostitelja. Preventiva in upočasnjevanje napredovanja parodontalne bolezni temeljita na preprečevanju nastanka zobnega plaka in/ali njegovem rednem odstranjevanju, ki je zlasti mehansko in vključuje profesionalno ustno higieno v kombinaciji z rednim dnevnim ščetkanjem zob. Če ustreznega dnevnega ščetkanja zob pri živali ni mogoče zagotoviti, pa ustno nego doma lahko zagotovimo z drugimi aktivnimi ali pasivnimi načini preprečevanja nastajanja zobnih oblog; nekateri načini so dobro opisani, nekateri pa se šele razvijajo.

Ključne besede: parodontalna bolezen; zobni plak; psi; mačke; ustna nega

EVALUATION OF LIVER ECHOTEXTURE IN HEALTHY COWS USING COMPUTER-ASSISTED PROGRAM

2025-03-04T23:59:01+01:00

This study was aimed at the determination of the echotexture findings of the liver using computer-assisted programmes, and the investigation of the correlation between these findings and some biochemical parameters in healthy cattle. The study material comprised of 18 healthy Brown Swiss cows. The B-mode images acquired were used for the measurement of the mean grey value, homogeneity, contrast, liver depth, portal vein depth, portal vein diameter, hepatic vein diameter and hepatic vein depth. Contrast, homogeneity and mean grey value were determined as 52.23±3.858, 0.18±0.006 and 102.27±5.617, respectively. Despite being statistically insignificant, the mean grey value was negatively correlated with the albumin level (r=-0.311, p>0.05), and positively correlated with the BHBA concentration (r=0.328, p>0.05) and SDH activity (r=0.402, p>0.05). Liver depth and portal vein depth were measured as 129.35±3.441 mm and 105.38±3.263 mm, respectively. BHBA concentration was found to be significantly and positively correlated with liver depth and portal vein depth (r=0.523, p<0.05 and r=0.663, p<0.01, respectively). In result, an echotexture analysis of the liver was performed in healthy cattle using computer-assisted programmes, the correlation of the echotexture findings with some biochemical parameters was determined, and numeric data that could aid in assessment were generated using USG (ultrasonography) as a non-invasive method. While it is considered that mean grey values determined with computer-assisted programmes and hepatic and portal vein depths measured by USG could be used as indicative parameters for negative energy balance, there is need for further research on a greater number of animals.

Vrednotenje ehogenosti jeter pri zdravih kravah z uporabo računalniško podprtega programa

Izvleček: Namen raziskave je bil določiti ehogenosti jeter z uporabo računalniško podprtih programov ter raziskati povezavo med takšnimi ugotovitvami in nekaterimi biokemičnimi parametri pri zdravem govedu. V raziskavo je bilo vključenih 18 zdravih krav rjave pasme. Pridobljene slike v B-načinu so bile uporabljene za merjenje srednje sive vrednosti, homogenosti, kontrasta, globine jeter, globine portalne vene, premera portalne vene, premera jetrne vene in globine jetrne vene. Kontrast, homogenost in srednja siva vrednost so bile določene kot 52,23 ± 3,858, 0,18 ± 0,006 oziroma 102,27 ± 5,617. Kljub statistično neznačilni vrednosti je bila srednja siva vrednost negativno povezana z ravnjo albumina (r = –0,311, p > 0,05), pozitivno pa s koncentracijo BHBA (r = 0,328, p > 0,05) in aktivnostjo SDH (r = 0,402, p > 0,05). Izmerjeni sta bili globina jeter in globina portalne vene, ki sta znašali 129,35 ± 3,441 oziroma 105,38 ± 3,263 mm. Ugotovljeno je bilo, da je koncentracija BHBA značilno in pozitivno povezana z globino jeter in globino portalne vene (r = 0,523, p < 0,05 oziroma r = 0,663, p < 0,01). Na podlagi tega je bila pri zdravem govedu z uporabo računalniško podprtih programov opravljena analiza ehogenosti jeter, določena je bila korelacija ehogenosti z nekaterimi biokemičnimi parametri in pridobljeni so bili številčni podatki, ki bi lahko pomagali pri oceni z uporabo ultrazvoka (USG) kot neinvazivne metode. Čeprav velja, da bi se povprečne sive vrednosti, določene z računalniško podprtimi programi, ter globine jetrne in portalne vene, izmerjene z USG, lahko uporabile kot indikativni parametri za negativno energijsko bilanco, so potrebne nadaljnje raziskave na večjem številu živali.

Ključne besede: krava; jetra; ehogenost; srednja siva vrednost; globina portalne vene

COMPREHENSIVE STUDY OF THE DIGESTIVE TRACT IN THE EUROPEAN HAKE (Merluccius merluccius)

2025-03-09T23:58:54+01:00

The European hake (Merluccius merluccius) is an important commercial fish that is widespread in the Adriatic Sea. It is a carnivorous fish whose diet consists mainly of fish. The aim of this study was to perform a detailed analysis of the digestive tract in the European hake. Therefore, the anatomy and histology of the posterior part of the digestive tract (from the esophagus to the rectum) were described. The fish were caught by longline fishing in the middle part of the Adriatic Sea along the Croatian coast. A total of 33 adult specimens were analyzed. Tissue components were visualized using hematoxylin-eosin, Mallory's trichrome, Verhoeff-Van Gieson, Alcian Blue-PAS kit and a reticular fiber staining kit. To investigate cellular digestion, the localization and activity of alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, non-specific esterase and aminopeptidase were measured. All parts of the digestive tract were composed of mucosa, submucosa, muscularis and serosa. The type of epithelium varied from part to part. The muscular layer of the mucosa was not identified in the esophagus, the intestine proper and the rectum. The muscularis consisted of smooth muscle cells, except in the esophagus, where it consisted of striated muscle fibers. All parts of the digestive tract are involved in the digestion and absorption of nutrients. Results observed from optical density of enzymes highlighted that although the intestine was the main site for lipid and protein digestion, the stomach and rectum were also important locations for protein digestion. Although the anatomy and histology of the digestive tract in European hake have been partially described, there is no data on the optical density of the enzymes in the available literature. To achieve objective results that allow for precise data comparison, the optical density of the enzymes was measured in this study. This research provide comprehensive findings and introduced new knowledge that significantly expands and partly differs from what is known so far, highlighting the necessity for further studies in this area.

Celostna študija prebavil evropskega osliča (Merluccius merluccius)

Izvleček: Evropski oslič (Merluccius merluccius) je pomembna komercialna riba, ki je razširjena v Jadranskem morju. Je mesojeda riba, ki se prehranjuje predvsem z ribami. Namen raziskave je bil opraviti podrobno analizo prebavil evropskega osliča, zato sta bili opisani anatomija in histologija prebavil (od požiralnika do danke). Ribe so bile ulovljene s parangalom v Jadranskem morju ob hrvaški obali. Skupaj je bilo analiziranih 33 odraslih osebkov. Komponente tkiva so bile vizualizirane z uporabo hematoksilin-eozina, Malloryjevega trihroma, Verhoeff-Van Giesona, kompleta Alcian Blue-PAS in kompleta za barvanje z mrežastimi vlakni. Da bi raziskali celično prebavo, smo izmerili lokalizacijo in aktivnost alkalne fosfataze, kisle fosfataze, nespecifične esteraze in aminopeptidaze. Vsi deli prebavnega trakta so sestavljeni iz sluznice, podsluznice, mišične plasti in seroze. Vrsta epitelija se razlikuje od dela do dela. V požiralniku, črevesu in danki nismo ugotovili mišične plasti sluznice. Mišična plast je sestavljena iz gladkih mišičnih celic, razen požiralnika, kjer jo tvorijo prečno progasta mišična vlakna. Vsi deli prebavnega trakta sodelujejo pri prebavi in absorpciji hranil. Glavno mesto za prebavo lipidov in beljakovin je sicer črevo, vendar sta želodec in danka prav tako pomembna za prebavo beljakovin. Čeprav sta anatomija in histologija prebavnega trakta pri evropskem osliču delno opisani, v razpoložljivi literaturi ni podatkov o optični gostoti encimov. Opisana raziskava, opravljena na 33 osebkih, prinaša izčrpne ugotovitve in nova spoznanja, ki bistveno razširjajo doslej znane in se delno razlikujejo od njih, ter poudarja potrebo po nadaljnjih študijah na tem področju.

Ključne besede: evropski oslič; Merluccius merluccius; histologija; histokemija; prebava; encimi

MICROSATELLITE DIVERSITY IN BOS TAURUS, EQUUS CABALLUS AND GALLUS DOMESTICUS BREEDS REARED IN UKRAINE

2025-03-09T23:59:15+01:00

This study is dedicated to the comparative analysis of the main parameters of microsatellite variability in the populations of animals from different taxa (Bos taurus, Equus caballus, and Gallus domesticus) of different breeds, reared in Ukraine. To investigate microsatellite variability, the following SSR-markers were used: for Bos taurus – TGLA126, TGLA122, INRA023, ETH003, ETH225, BM1824, TGLA227, BM2113, ETH10 and SPS115; for Equus caballus – HTG04, HMS06, AHT04, ASB23, HTG07, HTG06, CA425, VHL20, HMS03, HMS07 and ASB17; for Gallus domesticus – ADL0268, ADL0278, MCW0248, LEI0094 and MCW0216. The results of analyzing the parameter of the average number of alleles per locus (A) were used to determine their least amount in Gallus domesticus (6.56) and the highest one – in Equus caballus (10.76). The observed data are in agreement with the standardization procedure results, based on the rarefaction analysis on the level of 25 animals for each specific species of animals. The highest values of the total genetic diversity (uH_e) were notable for Bos taurus (0.835), and the lowest ones – for Gallus domesticus (0.690). These results were confirmed by the Shannon’s index values (1.940 for Bos taurus, 1.886 for Equus caballus and 1.420 for Gallus domesticus) as well as by the number of effective alleles (6.166; 5.614 and 3.848, respectively). The value of genetic subdivision (differentiation) according to F_st values fluctuated depending on the taxon and amounted to 0.119 for Gallus domesticus; 0.043 for Equus caballus and 0.03 for Bos taurus. Genetic differentiation between the populations, evaluated by the analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA), was in the range from 3 to 14 % for different taxa.

Mikrosatelitska raznolikost pri pasmah Bos taurus, Equus caballus in Gallus domesticus, vzrejenih v Ukrajini

Izvleček: Raziskava je bila posvečena primerjalni analizi glavnih parametrov variabilnosti mikrosatelitov v populacijah živali različnih taksonov (Bos taurus, Equus caballus in Gallus domesticus) različnih pasem, ki se vzrejajo v Ukrajini. Za raziskovanje mikrosatelitske variabilnosti so bili uporabljeni naslednji SSR-označevalci: za Bos taurus – TGLA126, TGLA122, INRA023, ETH003, ETH225, BM1824, TGLA227, BM2113, ETH10 in SPS115; za Equus caballus – HTG04, HMS06, AHT04, ASB23, HTG07, HTG06, CA425, VHL20, HMS03, HMS07 in ASB17; za Gallus domesticus – ADL0268, ADL0278, MCW0248, LEI0094 in MCW0216. Na podlagi rezultatov analize parametra povprečnega števila alelov na lokus (A) smo njihovo najmanjšo količino določili pri Gallus domesticus (6,56) in največjo pri Equus caballus (10,76). Ugotovljeni podatki so v skladu z rezultati postopka standardizacije, ki temelji na analizi redkosti na ravni 25 živali za vsako posamezno živalsko vrsto. Najvišje vrednosti skupne genetske raznolikosti (uHe) so bile opazne za Bos taurus (0,835), najnižje pa za Gallus domesticus (0,690). Te rezultate so potrdili vrednosti Shannonovega indeksa (1,940 za Bos taurus, 1,886 za Equus caballus in 1,420 za Gallus domesticus) ter število učinkovitih alelov (6,166; 5,614 in 3,848). Vrednost genetske delitve (diferenciacije) glede na vrednosti Fst je nihala glede na takson in je znašala 0,119 za Gallus domesticus; 0,043 za Equus caballus in 0,03 za Bos taurus. Genetska diferenciacija med populacijami, ocenjena z analizo molekularne variance (AMOVA), je bila pri različnih taksonih v razponu od 3 do 14 odstotkov.

Ključne besede: mikrosateliti; raznolikost; polimorfizem; populacija; lokalne pasme; govedo; konj; piščanec