OCCURRENCE AND RISK FACTORS OFDIGITAL DERMATITIS IN EGYPTIAN DAIRIES
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26873/SVR-784-2019Abstract
In the present study, the prevalence of digital dermatitis (DD) and the related risk factors in dairy cows was investigated. For 12 months, information about the establishment of DD lesions and other claw disorders in dairy cows was collected. A questionnaire was designed to get data about age, milk yield, season, parity, transition period, concurrent diseases and biosecurity. The hind claws were more affected than fore claws (95.24 vs 4.76%) particularly the left hind claws (56.67%). However, The DD more prevalent during the second lactation than the third lactation (42.85 vs 36.50%) and first lactation (42.85 vs. 19.06%) which gradually decreased reaching the lowest incidence in heifer cows (42.85 vs 1.59%). Furthermore, DD was more prevalent during summer and autumn. Based on cow level, the final step of logistic regression analysis revealed a significant relationship between DD and cow’ age (P <0.05; Odds Ratio [OR]: 1.01; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.67–1.47), parity (P <0.05; OR: 1.01.11; 95% CI: 0.47– 401.93), season (P < .05; OR: 1.36; 95% CI: 1.01–1.81), and transition period (P <.05; OR: 1.53; 95% CI: 0.48–4.83). The recognition of factors which influence occurrence of DD may permit changes in herd management or breeding policies which can be applied to diminish the prevalence of DD, and can establish the appropriate preventive procedures.
Key words: digital dermatitis; dairy cows; risk factors; epidemiology
References
Laven RA, Proven MJ. Use of an antibi-otic footbath in the treatment of bovine digital dermatitis. Vet Rec 2000; 147: 503–6.
Manske T, Hultgren J, Bergsten C. Topi-cal treatment of digital dermatitis associated with severe heel-horn erosion in a Swedish dairy herd. Prev Vet Med 2002; 53: 215–31.
Holzhauer M, Hardenberg C, Bartels CJM, Frankena K. Herd and cow-level prevalenceo-fdigitaldermatitisinTheNetherlandsandassociat-edriskfactors.J Dairy Sci. 2006; 89:580–8.
Capion N. Animale Welfare and digital dermatitis. Cattle Consultancy Days: 2008;23–6.
Andrew P Fidler, Mark L Alley, Geof W Smith. Evaluation of a Serpens speciesbacterin for treatment of digital dermatitis in dairy cattle. Research in Vet Sci 2012;93: 1258–60.
Dopfer D, Koopmans A, Meijer FA, Sza-kall I, Schukken, YH, Klee W, Bosma RB, Cor-nelissevan JL, Asten AJ, ter Huurne A A H M. Histopathological and bacteriological evaluation of digital dermatitis in cattle, with special refer-ence to spirochaetes and Campylobacter faecal-is. Vet Rec 1997; 140: 620–3.
Shearer JK, Hernandez J: Efficacy of two modified nonantibiotic formulations (Victory) for treatment of papillomatous digital dermatitis in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2000; 83: 741–5.
Dirksen G, Gründer H.D, Stöber M: In-nereMedizin und Chirurgie des Rindes: Parey in MVS Medizinverlage: Stuttgart, Germany 2005; 5.
Read DH, Walker RL: Papillomatous digi-tal dermatitis (footwarts) in California dairy cattle: clinical and gross pathologic findings. J Vet Diagnostic Invest 1998; 10: 67–6.
Rodriguez-Lainz A, Hird DW, Walker RL, Read DH. Papillomatous digital dermatitis in 458 dairies. J American Vet Med Ass 1996; 209: 1464–7.
Rodriguez-Lainz A, Melendez-Retamal P, Hird DW, Read DH, Walker RL. Farm-and host-level risk factors for digital dermatitis in Chilean dairy cattle. Prev Vet Med 1999; 42: 87–97.
Somers JGCJ, Frankena K, Noordhuizen-Stassen EN, Metz JHM. Risk factors for digital dermatitis in dairy cows in cubicle housing sys-tems in The Netherlands. Prev Vet Med 2005a; 71: 11–21.
Holzhauer M, Hardenberg C, Bartels CJM, Frankena K: Herdand cow-level preva-lence of digital dermatitis in The Netherlands and associated risk factors. J Dairy Sci 2006; 89: 580-–8.
Emanuelson U and Oltenacu PA. Inci-dences and effects of diseases on the perfor-mance of Swedish dairy herds stratified by pro-duction. J Dairy Sci 1998; 81:2376-–82.
Grant R J, and Albright JL: Feeding be-havior and management factors during the tran-sition period in dairy cattle. J AnimSci 1995; 73:2791–803.
Dopfer D, Willemen MA: Standardiza-tion of infectious claw diseases. In: Lischer, Ch., Ossent, P. (Eds.), Proceedings of the 10th International Symposium on Lameness in Ru-minants, Lucerne, Switzerland.1998; 244-–54.
Vink DW. Investigating the epidemiology of Bovine Digital Dermatitis: Causality, trans-mission and infection dynamics. Thesis, Doc-torate of Philosophy, University of Liverpool, 2006.
Dopfer D, Anklam K, Mikheil D, Ladell P. Growth curves and morphology of three Treponema subtypes isolated from digital der-matitis in cattle. Vet J 2012; 193: 685–93.
Manske T, Hultgren J, Bergsten C: Topi-cal treatment of digital dermatitis associated with severe heel-horn erosion in a Swedish dairy herd Prev Vet Med 2002; 53: 215–31.
Dopfer D, van Boven MR, de Jong, MCM: A mathematical model for the dynamics of digital dermatitis in groups of cattle to study the efficacy of group-based therapy and pre-vention strategies. In: Joshi, N.P., Herdt, T.H. (Eds.), Proceedings of the 12th International Conference for Production Diseases in Farm Animals. 2004; 138.
Holzhauer M, Dopfer D, de Boer J, van Schaik G. Effects of different intervention strategies on the incidence of papillomatous digital dermatitis in dairy cows. Vet Rec 2008a; 162: 41–6.
Read DH, Walker RL: Papillomatous dig-ital dermatitis (footwarts) in California dairy cattle. clinical and gross pathological finding. J Vet Diag Invest 1998;10:67–76
Dirksen G, Gründer HD, Stöber M: In-nereMedizin und Chirurgie des Rindes: Parey in MVS edizinverlage: Stuttgart, Germany: 2005; 5.
Shearer JK, Elliot JB. Papillomatous digi-tal dermatitis: treatment and control strategies-part 1. Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet 1998; 20:158–65.
Rodriguez-Lainz A, Melendez-Retamal P, Hird DW, Read DH, Walker RL. Farm-and host-level risk factors for digital der-matitis in Chilean dairy cattle. Prev Vet Med 1999; 42: 87–97.
Moore Dale A, Steven L. B, Marla L. T, Vasyl K: Efficacy of a nonantimicrobial cream administered topically for treatment of digital dermatitis in dairy cattle. J Am Vet Med Ass 2001; 219: 1435-–8.
Manske T, Hultgren J, Bergsten C: Preva-lence and interrelationships of hoof lesions and lameness in Swedish dairy cows. Prev Vet Med 2002; 54: 247–63.
Kofler J, Pospichal M, Hofmann-Parisot, M Efficacy of the Non-antibiotic Paste Protexin Hoof-Care for Topical Treatment of Digital Dermatitis in Dairy Cows. J Vet Med A 2004; 51: 447–52.
Döpfer D, Koopmans A, Meijer FA, Szakall I, Schukken YH: Histological and bacte-riological evaluation of digital dermatitis in cat-tle, with special reference to spirochaetes and campylobacter faecalis. Vet Rec1997; 140: 620–3.
Laven R: Control of digital dermatitis in cattle. In Practice, 2001; 23: 336–34.
Ettema JF, Østergaard O. Economic deci-sion making on prevention and control of clini-cal lameness in Danish dairy herds. Livestock Sci 2006; 102, 92–106.
Rodriguez-lainz A, David WH, Carpenter TE: Case-control study of digital dermatitis in southern California dairy farms. Prev Vet Med 1996; 28: 117–31.
Murray RD, Downham DY, Demirkan I, Carter SD Some relationships between spiro-chaete infections and digital dermatitis in four UK dairy herds. Res Vet Sci 2002; 73: 223-–30.
Murray RD, Clarkson MJ, Downham DY, Faull WB, Hughes JW, Manson FJ, Merritt JB, Russell WB, Sutherst JE, Ward WR. Epide-miology of lameness in dairy cattle: description and analysis of foot lesions. Vet Rec 1996; 138: 586–91.
Cramer G, Lissemore KD, Guard CL, Leslie KE, Kelton DF. Herd-and cow-level prevalence of foot lesions in Ontario dairy cat-tle. J. Dairy Sci 2008; 91:3888–95.
Somers JG, Frankena CJ, Noordhuizen-Stassen K, Metz EN. Risk factors for digital dermatitis in dairy cows in cubicle housing sys-tems in The Netherlands. Prev Vet Med 2005a; 71: 11–21.
Nielsen B, Thomsen P, Sorensen J: A study of duration of digital dermatitis lesions after treatment in a Danish dairy herd. Acta Vet Scand 2009; 51: 27–31.
Argaez-Rodriguez F, Hird DW, de Anda JH, Read DH, Rodriguez-Lainz A: Papilloma-tous digital dermatitis on a commercial dairy farm in Mexicali, Mexico: incidence and effect on reproduction and milk production. PrevVet Med 1997; 32:
Hultgren J, Bergsten C. Effects of a rub-ber -slatted flooring system on cleanliness and foot health in tied dairy cows .Prev Vet Med. 2001; 52: 75–89.
Wells SJ, Garber LP, Wagner BA. Papil-lomatous-digital dermatitis and associatedrisk factors in US dairy herds. Prev Vet Med 1999; 38: 11–24.
Somers JG, Frankena K, Noordhuizen-Stassen EN, Metz JH: Prevalence of clawdisor-ders in Dutch dairy cows exposed to several floor systems. J Dairy Sci 2003; 86: 2082–93.
Read DH, Walker RL. Papillomatous dig-ital dermatitis (footwarts) in Californiadairy cattle: clinical and gross pathologic findings. J Diag Invest 1998; 10:67–76.
Berry SL, Dopfer D, Burgi K, Cook N. A longitudinal study on the transition ofdigital dermatitis lesions for 11 months after topical treatment with lincomycin H Clusing 4 scoring systems. In: Proceedings of 15th International Symposium on Lameness in Ruminants, Kuo-pio, Finland 2008; 9-13: 302-–3.
Dopfer D, Bennett TB, Cook NB. Dy-namics of digital dermatitis infection spread in a large free stall housed Wisconsin dairy herd. In: Proceeding from The 15thInternational Sympo-sium and the 7th Conference on Lameness in Ruminants,Kuopio, Finland 2008; 9–13.
Holzhauer M, Bartels CJM, Dopfer D, van Schaik G. Clinical course of digital dermati-tis lesions in an endemically infected herd with-out preventive herd trategies. Vet J 2008b; 177: 222–30.
