EFFECT OF FEEDING DIFFERENT CONCENTRATE ROUGHAGE RATIO ON GROWTH, REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE AND BEHAVIOR OF SHEEP
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26873/SVR-781-2019Abstract
The goal of this study was to examine the influence of feeding different concentrate roughage ratios on growth, reproductive parameters and behavior of sheep. The study design involved the use of a 30 sexually mature ewes assigned to three groups consisting of three ratios of concentrate (C) to roughage (R), Group1. 80%C: 20%R, Group2. 70%C: 30%R and Group3. 60%C: 40%R. The variables of the studies were live weight changes and Body condition score (BCS) of ewes during pregnancy and postpartum till weaning and behavior of ewes in addition to the birth weight and average daily gain of neonatal lambs and subsequent changes till weaning. The conception rate of ewes and their overall reproductive performance are under investigation. The results reveled that, different ratios of concentrate and roughage feeding had no significant effect on body weight, BCS and average dry matter intake of ewes during pregnancy and postpartum till weaning. Lambs birth weight and subsequent weights till weaning and average daily gain were significantly (P≤0.05) increased by feeding on ration contain 80%C: 20% R, followed by those feeding on 70% C: 30% R and lowest in those feeding on 60% C: 40%R. Rumination was significantly increased in Group3 lambs than other groups. Higher concentrate ratios had positive effect on reproductive performance of ewes and body weight, daily body weight gain and neonatal behavior of lambs till weaning.
Key words: concentrate; roughage; ewe; lamb; growth performance; behavior
References
Egyptian Ministry of Agricultural Economic statistical book 2009.
Momoh OM, Rotimi EA, Dim NI. Breed effect and non-genetic factors affecting growth performance of sheep in a semi-arid region of Nigeria. Journal of Applied Biosciences 2013; 67:5302–7.
Silva TP, Marques CA, Torreão JN, Bezerra RN, Araújo MJ, Lima LA. Effect of concentrate supplementation and time scales of evaluation on behavioral and physiological responses of pregnant ewes on grazing system. Acta Scientiarum. Animal Sciences 2016; 38 (1):77–86.
Malisetty V, Yerradoddi RR, Devanaboina N, Mallam M , Mitta P. Effect of feeding sorghum straw based complete rations with different roughage to concentrate ratio on dry matter intake, nutrient utilization, and nitrogen balance in Nellore ram lambs. Tropical Animal Health and Production 2014; 46(5):759–64.
Missio RL, Brondani IL, Alves Filho DC, Restle J, Arboitte MZ, Segabinazzi LR. CaracterÃsticas da carcaça e da carne de tourinhos terminados em confinamento, recebendo diferentes nÃveis de concentrado na dieta. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia 2010; 39(7):1610-–7.
Chen Y, Oba M , Guan LL. Variation of bacterial communities and expression of Toll-like receptor genes in the rumen of steers differing in susceptibility to subacute ruminal acidosis. Veterinary Microbiology 2012; 159:451–9.
Maurya VP, Sejian V, Kumar D, Naqvi SMK. Effect of induced body condition score differences on sexual behavior, scrotal measurements, semen attributes, and endocrine responses in Malpura rams under hot semi-arid environment. Journal of Animal physiology and Animal Nutrition 2010; 94: 308–17.
Zarazaga LA, Guzman JL, Dominguez C, Perez MC, Prieto R. Effect of plane of nutrition on seasonality of reproduction in Spanish Payoya goats. Journal of Animal Reproduction Science 2004; 87: 253–67.
Al-Khozam NM. Effect of peri-ovulatory diet composition on the subsequent development of fertilized sheep ova in vivo and during in vitro culture. M.Sc. thesis, 1994, Aberdeen University, UK.
Dwyer C. Maternal behaviour and lamb survival: from neuroendocrinology to practical application. Animal 2014; 8:102–12.
Nowak R and Poindron P. From birth to colostrum: early steps leading to lamb survival. Reproduction Nutrition Development 2006; 46:431–46.
NRC. Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle, 7th ed. Washington, D.C.: The National Research Council, National Academy Press 2001.
AOAC. Official Method of Analysis. Association of Official Agricultural Chemists. Washington. D.C. and New York: Academic Press 2002: 1–350.
Russel AJF, Doney JM, Gunn RG. Subjective assessment of body fat in live sheep. Journal of Agriculture Sciences 1969; 72: 451–4.
Dwyer CM, Calvert SK, Farish M, Donbav J, Pickup HE. Breed, litter and parity effects on placental weight and placentome number, and consequences for the neonatal behaviour of the lamb. Theriogenology 2005; 63:1092–110.
Pedernera M, Pérez-Sánchez LA and Romero-Aguilar LD et al. Effects of high concentrate supplementation of Saint Croix sheep during peripartum on neonatal lamb behaviour. Journal of Applied Animal Research 2017; 46(1): 720–4.
Duncan DB. Multiple range and multiple F. tests. Biometrics 1955; 11: 1–42.
Ferdous MR, Khan MJ, Rashid MA and Kamruzzaman M. Effect of different levels of concentrate supplementation on the performance of Black Bengal goat. Bangladesh Journal of Animal Science 2011; 40: 40–5.
Mahfuz SU, Islam MSD, Chowdhury MR, Islam S, Hasan MK, Uddin MN. Influence of concentrate supplementation on production and reproduction performance of female Black Bengal goat. Indian Journal of Animal Research 2018; 52(5): 735–9.
Sultana S, Khan MJ, Hassan MR, Khondoker MAMY. Effects of concentrate supplementation on growth, reproduction and milk yield of Black Bengal goats (Caprahircus). The Bangladesh Veterinarian 2012; 29(1): 7 – 16.
El-Shakhret KJ, Harb MY, Abu-Zanat M, Tabbaa MJ. Effect of different feeding levels of concentrate on voluntary intake of straw and on productive and reproductive performance of Awassi sheep in Jordan Valley. Agricultural Sciences 1996; 23(2).
Nunes PH, Maia PM and Silva RMG et al. Increasing levels of concentrate digestibility, performance and ingestive behavior in lambs. Revista Brasileira de Saúde e Produção Animal 2016; 17(2): 186–94.
Cantalapiedra-Hijar C, Yáñez-Ruiz DR, MartÃn-GarcÃa AI, Molina-Alcaide E. Effects of forage: concentrate ratio and forage type on apparent digestibility, ruminal fermentation, and microbial growth in goats. Journal of Animal Science 2014; 87:622–31.
Aguerre MJ, Wattiaux MA, Powell JM, Broderick GA, and Arndt C. Effect of forage-to-concentrate ratio in dairy cow diets on emission of methane, carbon dioxide, and ammonia, lactation performance, and manure excretion. Journal of Dairy Science 2011; 94:3081–93.
Desnoyers M, Duvaux-Ponter C, Rigalma K, Roussel S, Martin O, Giger-Reverdin S. Effect of concentrate percentage on ruminal pH and time-budget in dairy goats. Journal of Animal Science 2008; 2:1802–8.
Murphy M, Akerlind M, Holtenius K. Rumen fermentation in lactating cows selected for milk fat content fed two forage to concentrate ratios with hay or silage. Journal of Dairy Science 2000; 83:756–4.
Hegarty M, Montello DR, Richardson AE, Ishikawa T, Lovelace K. Spatial abilities at different scales: individual differences in aptitude test performance and spatial layout learning. Intelligence 2006; 34:151–76.
Cloete JJE, Hoffman LC, Cloete SWP. A comparison between slaughter traits and meat quality of various sheep breeds: wool, dual purpose and mutton. Meat Science 2012; 91:318–24.
Carvalho S, Brochier MA, Pivato J, Teixeira RC, Kieling R. Desempenho e avaliação econômica da alimentação de cordeiros confinados com dietas contendo diferentes relações volumoso: concent-rado. Ciência Rural 2007; 37(5):1411–7.
Karim SA and Rawat PS. Growth performance and carcass characteristics of lambs raised on varying proportions of roughage and concentrate. Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 1997; 67: 902–5.
Noel A. Claffey, Alan G. Fahey, Vasiliki Gkarane, Aidan P. Moloney, Frank J. Monahan, and Michael G. Diskin. Effect of forage to concentrate ratio and duration of feeding on growth and feed conversion efficiency of male lambs. Translation Animal Science 2018; 2: 419–27.
Santra A and Karim SA. Effect of dietary roughage and concentrate ratio on nutrient utilization and performance of ruminant animals. Animal Nutrition and Feed Technology 2009; 9: 113–35.
Venkateshwarlu V, Venkateswarlu M, Ramana Reddy Y, Harikrishna CH. Effect of feeding maize stover based complete rations on growth and carcass characteristics in Nellore x Deccani ram lambs. Indian Journal of Animal Nutrition 2014; 31: 36–43.
Santra A and Karim SA. Nutrient utilization and growth performance of defaunated and faunated lambs maintained on complete diets containing varying proportion of roughage and concentrate. Animal Feed Science and Technology 2002; 101:87–99.
Singla M, Sirohi AS, Lamba JS, Ahuja CS. Effect of soaked and boiled concentrate feeding on growth, tvfa’s production and blood biochemistry of stall-fed beetal kids. Indian journal of Animal Research 2014; 48 (5): 448–51.
Sudheer Babu A, Srinivasa Rao D, Nagalakshmi D, Ramana Reddy Y. Effect of feeding various roughage based processed complete rations on growth performance and carcass characteristics in growing ram lambs. Livestock Research for Rural Development 2013; 25(5).
Minervino AHH, Kaminishikawahara CM and Soares FB et al. Behaviour of confined sheep fed with different concentrate sources. Brazilian Journal of Veterinary and Animal Science 2014; 66(4):1163–70.
Dwyer C. Behavioral development in the neonatal lamb: effect of maternal and birth-related factors. Theriogenology 2003; 59:1027–50.
Dwyer CM. The welfare of the neonatal lamb. Small Ruminant Research 2008; 76:31–41.
Symonds M, Sebert S, Budge H. Nutritional regulation of fetal growth and implications for productive life in ruminants. Animal 2010; 4:1075–83.
Alamy M and Bengelloun WA. Malnutrition and brain development: an analysis of the effects of inadequate diet during different stages of life in rat. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral reviews Journal 2012; 36:1463–80.
Ibarra D, Laborde D, Van-Lier E. Repeatability and relationship with field mating performance of a serving capacity pen test in rams. Small Ruminant Research 2000; 37: 156–69.
Amer HA and Hazzaa AM. The effect of different progesterone protocols on the reproductive efficiency of ewes during the nonbreeding season. Veterinarski Arhiv 2009; 79: 19–30.
Ozyurtlu N, Kucukaslan I and Cetin Y. Characterization of Oestrous Induction Response, Oestrous Duration, Fecundity and Fertility in Awassi Ewes During the Non-Breeding Season Utilizing both CIDR and Intravaginal Sponge Treatments. Reproduction in Domestic Animals 2010; 45:464–7.
Khalaf AM, Doxy DL, Baxter JT. A study of some reproductive and productive trails in a flock of awassi sheep. World Review of Animal Production 1979; 3:29–33.
Lassoued N, Rekik M, Mahouachi M, Ben Hamouda M. The effect of nutrition prior to and during mating on ovulation rate, reproductive wastage, and lambing rate in three sheep breeds. Small Ruminant Research 2004; 52:117–25
Henniawati H and Fletcher ICX. Reproduction in Indonesian sheep and goats at two levels of nutrition. Animal Reproduction Science 1986; 12: 77–84.
