ANTIBIOTIC SENSITIVITY PATTERNS IN Escherichia coli ISOLATED FROM DONKEY MILK IN ASSOCIATION WITH MOLECULAR DETECTION OF ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE GENES
Antibiotic Sensitivity and Resistance Genes in Donkey Milk against E. coli
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26873/SVR-2085-2026Keywords:
antibiotic sensitivity, donkey milk, Escherichia coli, resistance genesAbstract
The study investigates the prevalence and antibiotic resistance with molecular detection of antibiotic resistance genes of Escherichia coli (E. coli) in donkey milk. A total of 100 milk samples were collected from March to May 2023, with mastitis prevalence assessed using the California Mastitis Test (CMT) during the seasonal lactation period. Milk samples were transported to the laboratory for microbiological tests. E. coli detection involved initial cultivation on MacConkey agar and subsequent subculturing on Eosin-Methylene Blue agar. Biochemical identification was performed using IMViC, Urea, and TSI reactions. Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method was used for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. DNA extraction and PCR analysis were performed on phenotypically resistant isolates to detect specific resistance genes using established primers.
The results show that 7% of samples tested positive for clinical mastitis, while 14% had subclinical mastitis. Notably, Kisana Mori exhibited the highest rate of subclinical mastitis at 20%, whereas Rahooki had the highest clinical mastitis prevalence at 10%. Month-wise analysis revealed the highest occurrence of E. coli in April (23.5%), with an overall E. coli prevalence of 21%. Clinical and subclinical mastitis were most prevalent in March 10%, and 20%, respectively, statistical analysis indicated no significant variations in the prevalence of E. coli, clinical, or subclinical mastitis across the studied months and villages (P<0.05). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed that E. coli was sensitive to enrofloxacin, tetracycline, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, while showing resistance to ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, and streptomycin. Molecular analysis identified significant resistance genes, particularly those for aminoglycosides (strA, 86%), tetracyclines (tetD, 71%; tetC, 57%), and chloramphenicol (cat1, 34%; cmlA, 23%). These findings highlight the critical need for effective mastitis management practices in donkey milk production to mitigate the risks associated with E. coli contamination and improve the quality and safety of donkey milk. The absence of significant differences in prevalence rates suggests a uniform spread of mastitis and E. coli across the regions and seasons studied.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Bilawal Arain*, Ambreen Leghari*, Awais Bin Shahid, Aqsa Zahoor, Faiz Muhammad Khand, Ayesha Riaz, Shakeel Ahmed Lakho, Sadam Hussain Gadani
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