GUT MICROBIOME IN CANCER: THE NEXT BIG OPPORTUNITY FOR BETTER PATIENT OUTCOMES?
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26873/SVR-2029-2024Keywords:
gut microbiome, cancer, treatment outcome, tumor models, gliomaAbstract
The gut microbiome, a diverse community of microorganisms in the human body, plays an important role in maintaining health and influences various processes such as digestion, immunity, and protection against pathogens. A person's unique gut microbiome, shaped by factors such as birth method, diet, antibiotics, and lifestyle, contributes to bodily functions such as nutrient metabolism, drug processing, and immune regulation. Changes in the gut microbiome are associated with a predisposition to cancer and can influence the effectiveness of cancer treatments. Dysbiosis in the gut microbiome can lead to inflammation, tumor development, and metastasis, highlighting its importance in cancer research and prevention. The gut microbiota significantly influences cancer development and treatment outcomes. Certain bacteria enhance the effects of therapies such as cyclophosphamide and contribute to the body's immune response against tumors. Microbes produce anti-cancer molecules and probiotic compounds, making them potential tools in cancer prevention and treatment. Future research aims to develop targeted antibiotics and explore fecal microbiota transfer to selectively manipulate the microbiota for improved cancer treatment. Due to genetic and physiological similarities, mouse models are invaluable in biomedical research. However, because the gut microbiome of humans and mice and the composition of the tumor microenvironment differ, direct comparison between these two models can be challenging in research. Bridging these gaps is crucial for comparative medicine, especially in cancer research where the microbiome plays an important role in treatment outcomes. One important area where the gut microbiome could offer potential new treatment options is in primary brain tumors such as gliomas. To date, there are no long-lasting effective treatments for this type of cancer, but research in mouse models shows a link between tumor progression and response to treatment with changes in the gut microbiome. Overall, the gut microbiome and its modulation represent an opportunity for more efficient future cancer treatment.
Črevesni mikrobiom pri raku: Naslednja velika priložnost za boljši izid bolnikov?
Črevesni mikrobiom, raznolika skupnost mikroorganizmov v človeškem telesu, igra pomembno vlogo pri ohranjanju zdravja in vpliva na različne telesne procese. Edinstven črevesni mikrobiom posameznika, ki ga oblikujejo dejavniki kot so način rojstva, prehrana, vnos antibiotikov in življenjski slog prispeva k različnim telesnim funkcijam. Te funkcije so presnova hranil, metabolizem zdravil in uravnavanje imunskega sistema. Spremembe v črevesnem mikrobiomu so povezane s predispozicijo za nastanek raka in lahko vplivajo na učinkovitost zdravljenja raka. Porušeno črevesno ravnovesje oz. disbioza v črevesnem mikrobiomu lahko vodi do vnetja, razvoja tumorjev in metastaz, kar poudarja njegov pomen v raziskavah raka. Črevesna mikrobiota pomembno vpliva na razvoj raka in rezultate zdravljenja. Nekatere bakterije povečajo učinke terapij kot je ciklofosfamid in prispevajo k boljšemu imunskemu odzivu proti raku. Mikroorganizmi proizvajajo protirakave molekule in probiotične spojine, ki so pomembno orodje pri preprečevanju in zdravljenju raka. Z nadaljnjimi raziskavami si znanstveniki želijo razviti ciljne antibiotike in raziskati prenos fekalne mikrobiote za selektivno manipulacijo mikrobiote. Zaradi genetskih in fizioloških podobnosti so mišji modeli neprecenljivi v biomedicinskih raziskavah, vendar pa zaradi razlik v črevesnem mikrobiomu ljudi in miši ter sestavi tumorskega mikrookolja neposredna primerjava med tema dvema modeloma lahko predstavlja izziv. Premostitev teh vrzeli je ključna za primerjalno medicino zlasti pri raziskavah raka, kjer mikrobiom igra pomembno vlogo pri izidih zdravljenja. Pri možganskih tumorjih gliomih lahko črevesni mikrobiom izkoristimo za potencialne nove možnosti zdravljenja. Dolgoročnega učinkovitega zdravljenja za to vrsto raka še ni, vendar raziskave na mišjih modelih kažejo povezavo med napredovanjem tumorja in odzivom na zdravljenje ter spremembami v črevesnem mikrobiomu. Črevesni mikrobiom in njegova modulacija predstavljata priložnost za učinkovitejše zdravljenje raka v prihodnosti.
Ključne besede: črevesni mikrobiom; rak; izid zdravljenja; tumorski modeli; gliom
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