DETERMINATION OF OXIDATIVE STRESS RESPONSES INDUCED BY THE COMBINATION OF 4 DIFFERENT RARE EARTH ELEMENTS IN Dreissena polymorpha
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26873/SVR-1836-2025Keywords:
antioxidant enzymes, Dreissena polymorpha, oxidative stress, rare earth element , thiobarbituric acid reactive substancesAbstract
Rare Earth Elements (REE), whose usage areas are increasing day by day, are increasing in the amount of mixing with the environment, causing changes in antioxidant enzyme activities by causing oxidative stress in living organisms. In this study, it was aimed to examine the oxidative stress responses induced by the mixture of 4 different REEs (terbium, gadolinium, Lanthanum, Praseodymium) in Dreissena polymorpha. For this purpose, sublethal concentration values were determined by literature review. Experimental application was carried out within 24 and 96 hours. In the analyzes performed to determine biomarker responses, samples taken from living organisms were weighed and homogenization processes were performed for the analysis of samples taken from the experimental groups, including the control group. After homogenization, samples were centrifuged at 4.000 rpm for 15 minutes. Supernatants were kept at -86 °C until measurements were made. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities, and glutathione (GSH) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) levels were determined using ELISA kits. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS. One-way ANOVA (Duncan’s multiple range test; p < 0.05) was used for comparison of measured parameters among groups. As a result of the application, a decrease in CAT activity and GSH level and an increase in TBARS levels were observed after 96 hours compared to the control group, while no statistically significant difference was detected in SOD and GPx activities.
Determinacija odgovorov na oksidativni stres, ki ga povzroča kombinacija 4 različnih redkih zemljinskih elementov v Dreissena polymorpha
Izvleček: Redki zemeljski elementi (REE), katerih uporaba se iz dneva v dan povečuje, se vse bolj mešajo z okoljem in povzročajo spremembe v aktivnosti antioksidativnih encimov, saj v živih organizmih povzročajo oksidativni stres. V tej študiji smo želeli preučiti odzive na oksidativni stres, ki jih povzroča mešanica 4 različnih REE (Terbij, gadolinija, lantana, praseodima) v Dreissena polymorpha. V ta namen so bile na podlagi pregleda literature določene subletalne koncentracije. Eksperimentalna aplikacija je bila izvedena v 24 in 96 urah. V analizah, izvedenih za določitev odzivov biomarkerjev, so bili vzorci, odvzeti iz živih organizmov, stehtani in homogenizirani za analizo vzorcev, odvzetih iz eksperimentalnih skupin, vključno s kontrolno skupino. Po homogenizaciji so bili vzorci 15 minut centrifugirani pri 4000 rpm. Supernatanti so bili shranjeni pri temperaturi –86 °C do izvedbe meritev. Aktivnosti superoksid dismutaze (SOD), katalaze (CAT) in glutation peroksidaze (GPx) ter ravni glutationa (GSH) in s tiopropioninsko kislino reaktivnih snovi (TBARS) so bile določene z uporabo kompletov ELISA. Statistične analize so bile opravljene z uporabo SPSS. Za primerjavo izmerjenih parametrov med skupinami je bila uporabljena enosmerna ANOVA (Duncanov test večkratnega obsega; p < 0,05). Kot rezultat uporabe je bilo po 96 urah v primerjavi s kontrolno skupino opazno zmanjšanje aktivnosti CAT in ravni GSH ter povečanje ravni TBARS, medtem ko v aktivnostih SOD in GPx ni bila ugotovljena statistično značilna razlika.
Ključne besede: antioksidativni encimi; Dreissena polymorpha; oksidativni stres; redki zemeljski elementi; snovi, ki reagirajo s tiobarbiturno kislino
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