EVALUATION OF LIVER ECHOTEXTURE IN HEALTHY COWS USING COMPUTER-ASSISTED PROGRAM
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26873/SVR-1794-2024Keywords:
cow, liver, echotexture, mean grey value, portal vein depthAbstract
This study was aimed at the determination of the echotexture findings of the liver using computer-assisted programmes, and the investigation of the correlation between these findings and some biochemical parameters in healthy cattle. The study material comprised of 18 healthy Brown Swiss cows. The B-mode images acquired were used for the measurement of the mean grey value, homogeneity, contrast, liver depth, portal vein depth, portal vein diameter, hepatic vein diameter and hepatic vein depth. Contrast, homogeneity and mean grey value were determined as 52.23±3.858, 0.18±0.006 and 102.27±5.617, respectively. Despite being statistically insignificant, the mean grey value was negatively correlated with the albumin level (r=-0.311, p>0.05), and positively correlated with the BHBA concentration (r=0.328, p>0.05) and SDH activity (r=0.402, p>0.05). Liver depth and portal vein depth were measured as 129.35±3.441 mm and 105.38±3.263 mm, respectively. BHBA concentration was found to be significantly and positively correlated with liver depth and portal vein depth (r=0.523, p<0.05 and r=0.663, p<0.01, respectively). In result, an echotexture analysis of the liver was performed in healthy cattle using computer-assisted programmes, the correlation of the echotexture findings with some biochemical parameters was determined, and numeric data that could aid in assessment were generated using USG (ultrasonography) as a non-invasive method. While it is considered that mean grey values determined with computer-assisted programmes and hepatic and portal vein depths measured by USG could be used as indicative parameters for negative energy balance, there is need for further research on a greater number of animals.
Vrednotenje ehogenosti jeter pri zdravih kravah z uporabo računalniško podprtega programa
Izvleček: Namen raziskave je bil določiti ehogenosti jeter z uporabo računalniško podprtih programov ter raziskati povezavo med takšnimi ugotovitvami in nekaterimi biokemičnimi parametri pri zdravem govedu. V raziskavo je bilo vključenih 18 zdravih krav rjave pasme. Pridobljene slike v B-načinu so bile uporabljene za merjenje srednje sive vrednosti, homogenosti, kontrasta, globine jeter, globine portalne vene, premera portalne vene, premera jetrne vene in globine jetrne vene. Kontrast, homogenost in srednja siva vrednost so bile določene kot 52,23 ± 3,858, 0,18 ± 0,006 oziroma 102,27 ± 5,617. Kljub statistično neznačilni vrednosti je bila srednja siva vrednost negativno povezana z ravnjo albumina (r = –0,311, p > 0,05), pozitivno pa s koncentracijo BHBA (r = 0,328, p > 0,05) in aktivnostjo SDH (r = 0,402, p > 0,05). Izmerjeni sta bili globina jeter in globina portalne vene, ki sta znašali 129,35 ± 3,441 oziroma 105,38 ± 3,263 mm. Ugotovljeno je bilo, da je koncentracija BHBA značilno in pozitivno povezana z globino jeter in globino portalne vene (r = 0,523, p < 0,05 oziroma r = 0,663, p < 0,01). Na podlagi tega je bila pri zdravem govedu z uporabo računalniško podprtih programov opravljena analiza ehogenosti jeter, določena je bila korelacija ehogenosti z nekaterimi biokemičnimi parametri in pridobljeni so bili številčni podatki, ki bi lahko pomagali pri oceni z uporabo ultrazvoka (USG) kot neinvazivne metode. Čeprav velja, da bi se povprečne sive vrednosti, določene z računalniško podprtimi programi, ter globine jetrne in portalne vene, izmerjene z USG, lahko uporabile kot indikativni parametri za negativno energijsko bilanco, so potrebne nadaljnje raziskave na večjem številu živali.
Ključne besede: krava; jetra; ehogenost; srednja siva vrednost; globina portalne vene
References
Avcı C, Kızıl O. Enjektabl iz elementlerin geçiş dönemindeki ineklerde metabolik profil üzerine etkileri. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg 2013;19(Suppl-A): A73–8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.9775/kvfd.2012.7898
BanzatoT, Bonsembiante F, Aresu L, Zotti A. Relationship of diagnostic accuracy of renal cortical echogenicity with renal histopathologyin dogs and cats, a quantitative study. BMC Vet Res 2017; 13: 24. doi:10.1186/s12917-016-0941-z DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-016-0941-z
Bekuma A, Galmessa U. Combating negative effect of negative energy balance in dairy cows: comprehensive review. Appro Poult Dairy Vet Sci 2019; 6(2): APDV.000633.2019. doi: 10.31031/APDV.2019.06.000633 DOI: https://doi.org/10.31031/APDV.2019.06.000633
Bobe G, Young JW, Beitz DC. Invited review: pathology, etiology, prevention, and treatment of fatty liver in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2004; 87(10): 3105–24. doi: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(04)73446-3 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(04)73446-3
Braun U. Ultrasonography of the liver in cattle. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 2009; 25(3): 591–609. doi: 10.1016/j.cvfa.2009.07.003 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cvfa.2009.07.003
Cengiz M, Kanca H, Salar S et al. Endometrial echotexture parameters in Turkish Saanen Goats (Akkeci) during oestrus and early pregnancy. Anim Reprod Sci 2014; 146(1/): 27–33. doi: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2014.02.004 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anireprosci.2014.02.004
Edmonson AJ, Lean IJ, Weaver LD, Farver T, Webster G. A body condition scoring chart for Holstein dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 1989; 72(1):68–78. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(89)79081-0
Erdogan G, Kücük N, Kanca H, Aksoy M. In vivo and in vitro assessmentof ovarian echotexture through computer assisted real time ultrasonography in bitches. Ankara Üniv Vet Fak Derg 2017; 64: 171–6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1501/Vetfak_0000002795
Erkılıç EE. Türlere göre vital ve labaratuvar değerler. In: Özaydın İ, ed.Veteriner genel cerrahi. Ankara: Ankara Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri, 2022: 890–4.
Fiore E, Perillo L, Morgante M et al. Ultrasonographic measurement of liver, portal vein, hepatic vein and perivisceral adipose tissue in high-yielding dairy cows with fatty liver during the transition period. J DairyRes 2018; 85(4): 431–8. doi: 10.1017/S0022029918000754 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022029918000754
Giannuzzi D, Tessari R, Pegolo S, et al. Associations between ultrasound measurements and hematochemical parameters for the assessment of liver metabolic status in Holstein–Friesian cows. Sci Rep 2021; 11: 16314. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-95538-x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-95538-x
Imran S, Tyagi SP, Kumar A, Kumar A, Sharma S. Comparative ultrasonographic imaging of spleen and liver in healthy crossbred cows. ISRN Vet Sci 2012; 2011: 419591. doi: 10.5402/2011/419591 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5402/2011/419591
İmren HY. Veteriner iç hastalıklarına giriş. Ankara: Medisan Yayınevi,2003.
Jackson PGG, Cockcroft PD. Clinical examination of farm animals.Oxford: Blackwell Science, 2002: 302–5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470752425
Kabu M, Cıngı CÇ, Civelek T. Süt ineklerinde yağlı karaciğer sendromu ve korunma yolları. Kocatepe Vet J 2008; 1: 83–7.
Kennerman E. Süt sığırlarında metabolik profil test. Turkiye Klinikleri J Vet Sci 2011; 2(2): 96–101.
Klinkon M, Jezek J. Values of blood variables in calves. In: Perez-MarinCC, ed. A bird's-eye view of veterinary medicine. London: IntechOpen2012: 301–20. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5772/32100
Komeilian MM, Sakha M, Nadalian MG, Veshkini A. Hepatic ultrasonography of dairy cattle in postpartum period: Finding thesonographic features of fatty liver syndrome. Aust J Basic Appl Sci 2011; 5(8): 701–6.
Küçükaslan I, Kaya D, Emre B et al. Evaluation of endometrial echotexture and cervical cytology in cows during and after treatment of endometritis. Tierarztl Prax Ausg G Grosstiere Nutztiere 2014; 42 (6): 343–50. doi: 10.15653/TPG-140473 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15653/TPG-140473
LeBlanc S. Monitoring metabolic health of dairy cattle in the transition period. J Reprod Dev 2010; 56(Suppl.): S29–S35. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1262/jrd.1056S29
Maeda K, Utsu M, Kihaile PE. Quantification of sonographic echogenicity with grey-level histogram width: a clinical tissue characterization. Ultrasound Med Biol 1998; 24(2): 225–34. doi: 10.1016/s0301-5629(97)00266-4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0301-5629(97)00266-4
Mohamed T, Oikawa S, Kurosawa T, et al. Focal fatty liver in a heifer:utility of ultrasonography in diagnosis. J Vet Med Sci 2004; 66(3): 341–4. doi: 10.1292/jvms.66.341 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1292/jvms.66.341
Ok M, Sen I, Güzelbektes H et al. The Importance of concentrations of sorbitol dehydrogenase and glutamate dehydrogenase and B-mode ultrasonographic examination in the diagnosis of hepatic lipidosis in dairy cows. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg 2013; 19(Suppl-A): A117–23. doi: 10.9775/kvfd.2012.8146 DOI: https://doi.org/10.9775/kvfd.2012.8146
Piazza M, Giannuzzi D, Tessari R, et al. Associations between ultrasound hepatic measurements, body measures, and milk productiontraits in Holstein cows. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105(8): 7111–24. doi: 10.3168/jds.2021-21582 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2021-21582
Pierson RA, Adams GP. Computer-assisted image analysis, diagnostic ultrasonography and ovulation induction: strange bedfellows. Theriogenology 1995; 43(1): 105–12. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0093-691X(94)00014-L
Santos WA, Vettorato MC, Fogaça JL, et al. B-mode ultrasonographyand gray scale histogram for evaluation of the nuchal ligament inQuarter horse. Pesq Vet Bras 2019; 39(8): 663–7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-6160-pvb-6228
Singh J, Adams GP, Pierson RA. Promise of new imaging technologies for assessing ovarian function. Anim Reprod Sci 2003; 78(3/4): 371–99. doi: 10.1016/s0378-4320(03)00100-3 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4320(03)00100-3
Streeteer RN, Step DL. Diagnostic ultrasonography in ruminants. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 2007; 23: 541–74, vii. doi: 10.1016/j.cvfa.2007.07.008 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cvfa.2007.07.008
Tadagani R, Pandey RP, Purohit S, Kumar G. Ultrasonography andbiochemical studies of hepatobiliary system in buffaloes. Buffalo Bull2022; 41(2): 269–79. doi: 10.56825/bufbu.2022.4123957 DOI: https://doi.org/10.56825/bufbu.2022.4123957
Tharwat M, Oikawa S, Buczinski S. Ultrasonographic prediction of hepatic fat content in dairy cows during the transition period. J Vet SciTechnol 2012; 3(1): 1000111. doi: 10.4172/2157-7579.1000111 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7579.1000111
Turgut K. Veteriner klinik laboratuvar teşhis. Konya: Bahcıvanlar BasımSanayi A.Ş, 2000: 885–90
Weijers G, Starke A, Haudum A, Thijssen JM, Rehage J, De Korte CL.Interactive vs. automatic ultrasound image segmentation methods for staging hepatic lipidosis. Ultrason Imaging 2010; 32(3): 143–53. doi: 10.1177/016173461003200303 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/016173461003200303
Zonturlu AK, Akkus T, Kacar C et al. Discrimination of early pregnancy and endometrial cyst by ultrasonographic assessment of uterineechotexture in mares. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg 2018; 24(4): 519–24.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Ekin Emre ERKILIÇ
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
