THE EFFECT OF SELECTED TRIAZINES ON FISH: A REVIEW

Abstract

Summary: Anthropogenic pollution constitutes a worldwide problem of growing concern. Increased environmental pollution can be attributed to a variety of factors associated with industrial and agricultural technologies. Triazine herbicides are among the most commonly used pesticides in the world, and are predominant class of herbicide. In recent years, concerns about the persistence, mobility and toxicity of triazines and their metabolites have been growing, owing to the detection these herbicides compounds and their of residual concentrations in different environmental compartments. The detectable levels are in drinking and ground water, food and fish, also their metabolites are frequently found in water ecosystems. Moreover, some of triazine pesticides are prohibited in European country. Eight s-triazines have been identified as relevant in a study on the prioritizing of substances dangerous to the aquatic environment in the member states of the European Community and they are included in the European Union Priority Pollutants List and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s List. Current knowledge about residual triazine in the aquatic environment, including status, toxic effects, and traizne in fish, are reviewed. Based on the above, we identify major gaps in the current knowledge and some directions for future research. A review contains the impact of the seven most frequently detected triazines in water (ametryne, atrazine, metribuzine, prometryne, simazine, terbuthylazine, and terburyne) on fish physiology and acute toxicity. Toxic effect of triazine has influence mainly on growth, early development, oxidative stress biomarkers, antioxidant enzymes, hematological, biochemical plasma indices, caused histopatological changes in liver and kidney of fish.